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推土機(jī)的分類、基本構(gòu)造及選擇事項
來源：http://kqj188.com/ 日期：2023-06-21 發(fā)布人：
1、推土機(jī)的分類
1. Classification of bulldozers
推土機(jī)是以履帶式或輪胎式拖拉機(jī)牽引車為主機(jī)，再配置懸式鏟刀的自行式鏟土運輸機(jī)械。主要進(jìn)行短距離推運土方、石渣等作業(yè)。推土機(jī)作業(yè)時，依靠機(jī)械的牽引力，完成土壤的切割和推運。配置其他工作裝置可完成鏟土、運土、填土、平地、壓實以及松土、除根、清除石塊雜物等作業(yè)，是土方工程中廣泛使用的施工機(jī)械。
A bulldozer is a self-propelled earthmoving machinery that uses a tracked or tire tractor tractor tractor as the main engine and is equipped with a suspended shovel. Mainly engaged in short distance earthwork, stone slag and other operations. When bulldozers operate, they rely on mechanical traction to complete the cutting and transportation of soil. Equipped with other working devices, it can complete operations such as shoveling, transporting, filling, leveling, compacting, loosening, rooting, and removing stone debris. It is a widely used construction machinery in earthwork engineering.
按行走裝置不同分為履帶式和輪式推土機(jī)。履帶式推土機(jī)附著性能好，接地比壓小，通過性好，爬坡能力強(qiáng)，但行駛速度低，適用于條件較差地帶作業(yè)；輪式推土機(jī)行駛速度快，靈活性好，不破壞路面，但牽引力小，通過性差。
According to different walking devices, bulldozers are divided into tracked and wheeled bulldozers. Crawler bulldozers have good adhesion performance, low grounding pressure, good passability, strong climbing ability, but low driving speed, suitable for operation in areas with poor conditions; Wheel bulldozers have fast driving speed, good flexibility, and do not damage the road surface, but have low traction and poor trafficability.
按傳動形式分為機(jī)械傳動、液力機(jī)械傳動和全液壓傳動三種。液力機(jī)械傳動應(yīng)用廣。
According to the transmission form, it is divided into three types: mechanical transmission, hydraulic mechanical transmission, and fully hydraulic transmission. Hydromechanical transmission is widely used.
按發(fā)動機(jī)功率分為輕型、中型和大型推土機(jī)，輕型發(fā)動機(jī)功率小于75kw，中型發(fā)動機(jī)功率為75~225kw，大型發(fā)動機(jī)功率大于225kw。
According to engine power, bulldozers are divided into light, medium, and large types. The power of light engines is less than 75kw, the power of medium engines is 75-225kw, and the power of large engines is greater than 225kw.
按用途分為通用型和專用型兩種。
It can be divided into two types according to its purpose: universal type and specialized type.
按工作裝置形式分為直鏟式和角鏟式。
According to the form of working equipment, it is divided into straight shovel type and angle shovel type.
2、推土機(jī)的基本構(gòu)造
2. Basic structure of bulldozers
冷再生機(jī)租賃廠家提醒，履帶式推土機(jī)以履帶式拖拉機(jī)配置推土鏟刀而成，輪胎式推土機(jī)以輪式牽引車配置推土鏟刀而成。有些推土機(jī)后部裝有松土器，遇到堅硬土質(zhì)時，先用松土器松土，然后再推土。推土機(jī)主要由發(fā)動機(jī)、底盤、液壓系統(tǒng)、電氣系統(tǒng)、工作裝置和輔助設(shè)備等組成。
Cold recycling machine rental manufacturers remind that tracked bulldozers are equipped with bulldozers for tracked tractors, while tire bulldozers are equipped with bulldozers for wheeled tractors. Some bulldozers are equipped with a scarifier at the back. When encountering hard soil, the scarifier is used to loosen the soil first, and then the soil is pushed. The bulldozer mainly consists of an engine, chassis, hydraulic system, electrical system, working equipment, and auxiliary equipment.
3、推土機(jī)的選擇
3. Selection of bulldozers
在工程施工中，應(yīng)選擇技術(shù)性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性適合的推土機(jī)，主要從下四個方面考慮。
In engineering construction, bulldozers that are technically and economically suitable should be selected, mainly considering the following four aspects.
(1)土方工程量
(1) Earthwork quantity
當(dāng)土方量大而且集中，應(yīng)選用大型推土機(jī)；土方量小而且分散，應(yīng)選用中、小型推土機(jī)；土質(zhì)條件允許時，應(yīng)選用輪胎式推土機(jī)。
When the earthwork volume is large and concentrated, large bulldozers should be used; Small and dispersed earthwork volume, medium and small bulldozers should be selected; When soil conditions permit, tire type bulldozers should be used.
(2)土的性質(zhì)
(2) Properties of soil
一般推土機(jī)均適合于Ⅰ、Ⅱ級土施工或Ⅲ、Ⅳ級土預(yù)松后施工。如土質(zhì)較密實、堅硬，或冬季凍土，應(yīng)選擇重型推土機(jī)，或帶松土器的推土機(jī)。如土質(zhì)屬潮濕軟泥，好選用寬履帶的濕地推土機(jī)。
Generally, bulldozers are suitable for construction of Class I and II soil or construction of Class III and IV soil after pre loosening. If the soil is dense, hard, or frozen in winter, heavy bulldozers or bulldozers with scarifiers should be selected. If the soil is moist and soft, it is recommended to use a wide track wetland bulldozer.
(3)施工條件
(3) Construction conditions
修筑半挖半填的傍山坡道，可選用角鏟式推土機(jī)；在水下作業(yè)，可選用水下推土機(jī)；在市區(qū)施工，應(yīng)選用能夠滿足當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保部門要求的低噪聲推土機(jī)。
For the construction of hillside slopes with half excavation and half filling, angle shovel bulldozers can be used; Underwater bulldozers can be used for underwater operations; In urban construction, low-noise bulldozers that can meet the requirements of local environmental protection departments should be selected.
(4)作業(yè)條件
(4) Operating conditions
根據(jù)施工作業(yè)的多種要求，為減少投入機(jī)械臺數(shù)和擴(kuò)大機(jī)械作業(yè)范圍，好選擇多功能推土機(jī)。
According to the various requirements of construction operations, in order to reduce the number of machinery input and expand the scope of mechanical operations, it is advisable to choose multifunctional bulldozers.
對推土機(jī)選型時，還建議考慮其經(jīng)濟(jì)性，即單位成本低。單位土方成本決定于機(jī)械使用費和機(jī)械生產(chǎn)率。在選擇機(jī)型時，結(jié)合施工現(xiàn)場情況，根據(jù)有關(guān)參數(shù)及經(jīng)驗資料，按臺班費用定額計算單方成本，經(jīng)過分析比較，選擇生產(chǎn)率高、單方成本低的合適機(jī)型。還有什么事項就來我們網(wǎng)站http://kqj188.com咨詢吧！
When selecting bulldozers, we must also consider their economy, that is, low Unit cost. The unit earthwork cost is determined by the machinery usage fee and machinery productivity. When selecting a machine model, based on the construction site situation, relevant parameters and empirical data, calculate the unit cost according to the unit shift cost quota. After analysis and comparison, choose a suitable machine model with high productivity and low unit cost. If there are any other matters, please come to our website http://kqj188.com Consult!
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