舊瀝青路面冷再生機租賃機械如何進行多維度施工呢？在現(xiàn)在多維度道路建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)上， 我們有很多公路方面的技術(shù)問題需要解決?，F(xiàn)在面臨公路運輸已呈現(xiàn)出大流量、重荷載的局面。提高公路的使用價值是非常迫切的問題。

How to carry out comprehensive construction of old asphalt pavement cold recycling machine rental machinery? On the basis of comprehensive road construction, we have many technical problems in the field of highways that need to be solved. Now China is facing a situation of high traffic and heavy loads in road transportation. Improving the value of highways is a very urgent issue.

在舊瀝青路面改造方面， 河北省邯鄲市、廊坊市和石家莊市均先后引進了瀝青路面就地冷再生設(shè)備， 并進行了大面積的施工嘗試， 都獲得了很好的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。 實踐證明， 針對我省的公路現(xiàn)狀， 采用就地冷再生施工技術(shù)對舊瀝青路面進行技術(shù)改造是科學可行的。

In terms of the renovation of old asphalt pavement, Handan City, Langfang City, and Shijiazhuang City in Hebei Province have successively introduced on-site cold recycling equipment for asphalt pavement and conducted large-scale construction attempts, all of which have achieved good economic and social benefits. Practice has proven that it is scientifically feasible to use on-site cold recycling construction technology to renovate old asphalt pavement in response to the current situation of highways in our province.

1、就地冷再生的施工原理瀝青路面就地冷再生并不是人們通常所理解的將已破損的瀝青路面重新恢復到完好的原始狀態(tài)， 而是將舊面層和部分基層一并打碎混合之后就地改建成新的基層（ 或底基層） 。 嚴格地講， 此工藝應該稱之為舊瀝青路面材料的就地再利用。路面就地冷再生的工作原理， 是在原有舊路鋪層的基礎(chǔ)上， 按照新的設(shè)計要求， 選擇性地摻入適量的骨料、水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、乳化瀝青、泡沫瀝青和水等外加材料， 利用就地冷再生設(shè)備，實際上就是一臺大型的穩(wěn)定土路拌機） , 在自然常溫下， 就地連續(xù)完成對舊鋪層（ 路面和部分基層） 的銑刨、破碎、添加料、拌和、攤鋪等工序， 隨后進行找平和突出， 終修建出一種特殊級配的道路基層（ 或底基層） 。

1. The construction principle of on-site cold regeneration of asphalt pavement is not commonly understood as restoring damaged asphalt pavement to its original state, but rather breaking and mixing the old surface layer and some of the base layer, and then rebuilding it on site into a new base layer (or sub base layer). Strictly speaking, this process should be referred to as the in-situ reuse of old asphalt pavement materials. The working principle of cold in place recycling of pavement is to selectively add appropriate aggregate, cement, lime, fly ash, emulsified asphalt, foam asphalt, water and other external materials on the basis of the original old pavement layer according to the new design requirements. Using the cold in place recycling equipment, it is actually a large stabilized soil road mixer, Continuously complete the milling, crushing, adding materials, mixing, paving and other processes of the old pavement layer (road surface and some base layers) on site, followed by leveling and rolling, and finally build a special graded road base (or sub base).

2、就地冷再生的適用范圍和優(yōu)點由于就地冷再生施工是將原道路的面層和基層變成了新的道路基層（ 或底基層） , 致使新道路的面層至少要在此標高的基礎(chǔ)上開始鋪筑， 況且在高標準的道路改造中， 有時是將再生層作為底基層， 在此基礎(chǔ)上還要加鋪二灰碎石等基層材料， 這就使得改造之后的路面標高遠遠大于原來路面的標高，沿路構(gòu)造物處路面的設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)將隨之發(fā)生變化。如果在城市道路中采用此法施工，原有的排水系統(tǒng)也將隨之受到一些影響。 因此， 對于路面標高有較嚴格限制的道路，不宜采用此法施工。

2. The scope and advantages of on-site cold recycling are due to the fact that on-site cold recycling construction transforms the original road surface layer and base layer into a new road base layer (or sub base layer), which requires the new road surface layer to be laid at least on this elevation. Moreover, in high standard road renovations, sometimes the recycled layer is used as the sub base layer, and on this basis, base materials such as fly ash and crushed stone are also added, This makes the elevation of the renovated road surface much higher than the original elevation, and the design structure of the road surface along the road structure will change accordingly. If this method is used for construction on urban roads, the existing drainage system will also be affected. Therefore, for roads with strict restrictions on road surface elevation, this method should not be used for construction.

雖然就地冷再生的適用范圍受到路面標高的限制，但在絕對多數(shù)的一般道路改造中，與傳統(tǒng)的施工方法相比，依然具有諸多的優(yōu)點。

Although the applicability of on-site cold regeneration is limited by road surface elevation, it still has many advantages compared to traditional construction methods in the vast majority of general road renovations.

（1）工序簡單 由于原有舊路面的材料全部被就地利用， 省略了挖掘6 外運6 廠內(nèi)加工及回填等一系列工作，使得施工工序大大簡化。

(1) The process is simple. Due to the fact that all the materials from the original old road surface are used on site, a series of tasks such as excavation, external transportation, and internal processing and backfilling are omitted, greatly simplifying the construction process.

（2）成本較低 國外的一些施工資料顯示，與傳統(tǒng)的施工方法相比，由于舊的道路材料得以全部利用，隨著再生層厚度的不同，大致可以降低成本 20%~46%。厚度越深，降低成本越多，我國目前在這方面總結(jié)的資料還不多，但就從我省對該施工法進行的定額測定結(jié)果來看，此工藝能夠降低工程成本是肯定的。

(2) According to some construction materials from foreign countries with lower costs, compared with traditional construction methods, due to the full utilization of old road materials, the cost can be reduced by approximately 20% to 46% with different thicknesses of recycled layers. The deeper the thickness, the greater the cost reduction. Currently, there is not much information summarized in this regard in China. However, based on the quota measurement results of this construction method in our province, it is certain that this technology can reduce engineering costs.

（3）提高道路等級 由于該施工法強化了基礎(chǔ)的承載能力# 如果新的設(shè)計級配合理，可使再生層的強度達到 （ 13-15Mpa） ，從根本上保證了道路等級的提高。這一優(yōu)點對于低等級道路的改造尤為重要。

(3) The improvement of road grade is due to the construction method strengthening the bearing capacity of the foundation. If the new design grading is reasonable, the strength of the recycled layer can reach (13-15Mpa), fundamentally ensuring the improvement of road grade. This advantage is particularly important for the renovation of low-grade roads.

（4）生產(chǎn)效率高 就地冷再生是在自然條件下進行的，除了個別嚴重的坑槽需要簡單的預處理外，其余路面均不需要明顯處理。再加之一次性通過的施工特點，充分地利用了作業(yè)時間， 因此大大地提高了生產(chǎn)效率，在水穩(wěn)路基二灰碎石施工時，經(jīng)過我們的實地測定，一臺 WR2300L型再生機，在組織合理的情況下， 每個工作臺班可以再生路面4000㎡以上。

(4) High production efficiency on-site cold regeneration is carried out under natural conditions, and except for a few severe potholes that require simple pre-treatment, all other road surfaces do not require any treatment. In addition, the one-time pass construction feature fully utilizes the working time, greatly improving production efficiency. During the construction of water stabilized roadbed with fly ash and crushed stone, after our on-site measurement, a WR2300L recycling machine can regenerate more than 4000 square meters of road surface per work shift under reasonable organization.

（5）保護環(huán)境和資源 因為舊料得以全部就地利用，減少了新材料的開采，也不存在舊料運輸和廢料隨意棄放的問題，施工過程沒有粉塵和廢氣的污染，節(jié)約了資源，保護了環(huán)境，因此有人稱之為“綠色” 施工技術(shù)！

(5) Protecting the environment and resources, as old materials can be fully utilized on site, reducing the extraction of new materials, and there is no problem of transportation of old materials and arbitrary disposal of waste materials. The construction process is free from dust and exhaust gas pollution, saving resources and protecting the environment. Therefore, some people call it "green" construction technology!

（6）可以不中斷交通施工 由于就地冷再生工序簡單“ 投入現(xiàn)場的施工設(shè)備很少” 對交通干擾反應不敏感！故此在交通量不太大的情況下“ 可以半幅通車” 半幅施工！

(6) Construction can be carried out without interruption due to the simple on-site cold regeneration process and the lack of construction equipment. It is not sensitive to traffic interference! Therefore, in situations where the traffic volume is not too high, half of the construction can be opened to traffic!

3、 常用施工方案

3. Common construction plans

根據(jù)原有道路結(jié)構(gòu)和新設(shè)計方案的不同， 就地冷再生可以組合出多種施工方案！其實各種施工方案的工作原理都是一樣， 區(qū)別只是摻入材料的不同而加入的方法也有所不同而已！但就我國北方地區(qū)道路結(jié)構(gòu)來講，以水泥為添加料對瀝青路面進行就地冷再生是常用的一種方案！

According to the difference between the original road structure and the new design scheme, on-site cold regeneration can combine multiple construction schemes! In fact, the working principle of various construction plans is the same, and the only difference is that the materials added are different, and the methods used are also different! But in terms of road structure in northern China, using cement as an additive for on-site cold regeneration of asphalt pavement is a commonly used solution!

在利用水泥進行就地冷再生時，外加料主要是水泥，水泥的通常用量按重量計在2%-5%之間比較合適。如果水泥的用量過多，容易使再生層變脆。為了獲得良好的壓實效果，同時還要加入適量的水。水泥的加入方法有兩種！一種是利用人工或?qū)Ｓ脵C械將水泥預先撒布在需要再生的路面上。這時水的加入方法，是通過再生機上所配備的微機控制系統(tǒng)從跟班作業(yè)的運水車內(nèi)輸送到再生機的拌和倉中，另一種方法是采用水泥稀漿攪拌輸送車，將需要添加的水泥和水攪拌成水泥稀漿，再通過再生機上的控制系統(tǒng)將其輸送到再生機的拌和倉中。

When using cement for on-site cold regeneration, the main additive is cement, and the usual dosage of cement is between 2% and 5% by weight, which is more suitable. If the amount of cement used is too much, it is easy to make the recycled layer brittle. In order to achieve a good compaction effect, an appropriate amount of water should also be added. There are two ways to add cement! One method is to use manual or specialized machinery to pre distribute cement on the road surface that needs to be recycled. The method of adding water at this time is to transport it from the accompanying water transport truck to the mixing bin of the regeneration machine through the microcomputer control system equipped on the regeneration machine. Another method is to use a cement slurry mixing truck to mix the cement and water that needs to be added into cement slurry, and then transport it to the mixing bin of the regeneration machine through the control system on the regeneration machine.

上述兩種加入方法各有利弊，預撒水泥法工藝簡單， 但在施工過程中容易產(chǎn)生灰塵，不過這種方法有一個很大的優(yōu)點，就是在控制用量方面非常方便。因為在施工中“ 再生機要分幾個工作行程才能完成一個作業(yè)段內(nèi)整幅路面的銑刨，而再生層的終突出要等到整個作業(yè)段全部施工工序完成之后才能進行，這就形成先銑刨的路面和后銑刨的路面到終突出時所等待的時間間隔相差很多，在較熱或較干燥的氣候里，隨著時間的拖延，先銑刨的路面水分蒸發(fā)得較多，而后銑刨的路面水分蒸發(fā)得較少。

The above two methods of adding each have their own advantages and disadvantages. The pre spreading cement method has a simple process, but it is prone to generating dust during the construction process. However, this method has a great advantage, which is that it is very convenient in controlling the dosage. Because during construction The regeneration machine needs to be divided into several working journeys to complete the milling and planing of the entire road surface within a working section, while the final rolling of the regeneration layer can only be carried out after all construction processes of the entire working section are completed. This results in a significant difference in the time interval between the milling and planing of the road surface and the milling and planing of the road surface until the final rolling. In hot or dry climates, as time progresses, the moisture on the milling and planing of the road surface evaporates more, and then The milled road surface evaporates less moisture.

如果預先加入的水量相同，則在終突出時，道路各個部位的含水量就不同。解決這一矛盾的唯一辦法， 就是調(diào)整先后施工順序中的加水量。憑著施工經(jīng)驗，先施工的多加水，后施工的少加水。因為預撒水泥法是灰水分開，所以在調(diào)整加水量時不會影響水泥的用量。采用水泥稀漿輸入法可以消除施工中的粉塵污染” 減少施工污染“ 但對單獨調(diào)整用水量就較困難。

If the amount of water added in advance is the same, the moisture content of different parts of the road will be different during final compaction. The only way to solve this contradiction is to adjust the amount of water added in the construction sequence. Based on construction experience, add more water first and less water later. Because the pre sprinkled cement method separates cement and water, adjusting the amount of water added will not affect the amount of cement used. The use of cement slurry input method can eliminate dust pollution during construction and reduce construction pollution, but it is more difficult to adjust the water consumption separately.

6、施工成本的評價

6. Evaluation of construction costs

自從河北省邯鄲市交通局于 1998年引進臺冷再生機以來， 到目前為止， 已經(jīng)先后引進了近 10臺同類設(shè)備，僅在我省就有三臺。由于這一工藝目前在我國尚屬新生事物，很多相關(guān)內(nèi)容有待進一步探索和總結(jié)。為了對冷再生施工的經(jīng)濟成本有一個比較合理的評價，河北省公路工程定額站從定額的角度，于2002年8月對石家莊市公路處所屬的冷再生施工現(xiàn)場進行了跟班測定。評價情況如下

Since the introduction of the first cold regeneration machine in China by the Transportation Bureau of Handan City, Hebei Province in 1998, nearly 10 similar devices have been introduced nationwide, including three in our province alone. Due to the fact that this technology is still a new phenomenon in China, many related contents need to be further explored and summarized. In order to have a relatively reasonable evaluation of the economic cost of cold recycling construction, the Hebei Provincial Highway Engineering Quota Station conducted follow-up measurements on the cold recycling construction site of the highway department in Shijiazhuang City from the perspective of quotas in August 2002. The evaluation situation is as follows

（1）舊路概況

(1) Overview of Old Roads

該段公路建于 80年代， 屬于三級公路標準。路面寬度為 7.5M，面層為 3cm厚的表處，基層為灰土結(jié)構(gòu)。經(jīng)過多年重車突出，路面破損嚴重。

This section of highway was built in the 1980s and belongs to the standard of third-class highway. The road width is 7.5M, the surface layer is a 3cm thick surface layer, and the base layer is a gray soil structure. After years of heavy vehicle crushing, the road surface is severely damaged.

（2）改造方案

(2) Renovation plan

利用水泥進行就地冷再生， 設(shè)計銑刨深度為15cm 實際銑刨深度為 18cm， 水泥的添加量為 3m，再生之后的鋪層用做底基層，在此之上還要加鋪二灰碎石基層，然后攤鋪瀝青混凝土面層。

Using cement for on-site cold regeneration, the designed milling depth is 15cm, and the actual milling depth is 18cm. The amount of cement added is 3m, and the regenerated layer is used as the base layer. On top of this, a two ash crushed stone base layer is also added, and then an asphalt concrete surface layer is laid.

（3）工藝流程

(3) Process flow

個別嚴重的坑槽及翻漿由人工進行預先處理： 在需要再生施工的路面上由人工撒布水泥； 再生機進行銑刨和拌和；運水車跟隨再生機向拌和倉內(nèi)供水 。振動壓路機進行穩(wěn)壓；人工測定標高；平地機進行刮平；振動壓路機進行突出；靜突出路機進行終突出。

Individual severe potholes and mud turning are manually treated in advance: cement is manually spread on the road surface that requires regeneration construction; Recycling machine for milling and mixing; The water truck follows the regeneration machine to supply water to the mixing bin. Vibration roller for voltage stabilization; Manual measurement of elevation; Scraping with a grader; Vibration roller for compaction; The static roller is used for final compaction.

（4）機械配備

(4) Mechanical equipment

投入的機械設(shè)備見表1 。

The mechanical equipment invested is shown in Table 1.

（5）人員配備

(5) Personnel allocation

投入施工的各種人員總數(shù) 28人。

The total number of personnel involved in construction is 28.

（6）材料用量

(6) Material usage

按 5%的水泥用量計算，添加水泥平均用量 17.1kg/平方米 ， 整個工程平均用水量為1.1kg/平方米 。兩項材料合計金額 5.75元。

Calculated based on a 5% cement dosage, the average amount of cement added is 17.1kg/m2, and the average water consumption for the entire project is 1.1kg/m2. The total amount of the two materials is 5.75 yuan.

（7）產(chǎn)量定額

(7) Production quota

通過實地測定和計算， 該工程的產(chǎn)量定額為 3920平方米/日（8小時） 。

Through on-site measurement and calculation, the production quota of this project is 3920 square meters per day (8 hours).

（8）經(jīng)濟成本評價

(8) Economic cost evaluation

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