在道路施工領(lǐng)域，冷再生機(jī)租賃業(yè)務(wù)日益紅火，但其在低溫環(huán)境與凍土、巖層等特殊地質(zhì)條件下作業(yè)時(shí)，常面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)。深刻了解設(shè)備低溫啟動(dòng)限制，掌握應(yīng)對(duì)特殊地質(zhì)的有效方法，是租賃方與施工方順利推進(jìn)工程、保障設(shè)備出色運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵。

　　In the field of road construction, the leasing business of cold recycling machines is becoming increasingly popular, but they often face many challenges when operating in low-temperature environments and special geological conditions such as frozen soil and rock layers. A deep understanding of the low-temperature start-up limitations of equipment and effective methods for dealing with special geological conditions are key to the smooth progress of the project and the efficient operation of the equipment by both the lessee and the construction party.

　　一、掌握低溫啟動(dòng)限制，為設(shè)備 “解凍” 賦能

　　1、 Master the low-temperature start limit and empower the device to 'thaw'

　　低溫環(huán)境是冷再生機(jī)租賃面臨的首要難題。當(dāng)氣溫驟降，冷再生機(jī)的液壓油會(huì)變得黏稠，流動(dòng)性大幅降低，導(dǎo)致液壓系統(tǒng)壓力傳導(dǎo)遲緩，設(shè)備啟動(dòng)后動(dòng)作僵硬，難以正常進(jìn)行銑刨、拌和等作業(yè)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)也會(huì)因低溫受到影響，機(jī)油黏度增加使內(nèi)部摩擦阻力提升，啟動(dòng)時(shí)需要消耗更多能量，若強(qiáng)行啟動(dòng)，可能加劇活塞、曲軸等部件的磨損；柴油在低溫下易產(chǎn)生結(jié)蠟現(xiàn)象，堵塞油路，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)無(wú)法獲得充足燃料供應(yīng)，甚至熄火。此外，電瓶在低溫下的放電能力減弱，冷啟動(dòng)電流不足，可能導(dǎo)致設(shè)備無(wú)法正常點(diǎn)火。

　　Low temperature environment is the primary challenge faced by cold recycling machine leasing. When the temperature drops sharply, the hydraulic oil of the cold regeneration machine will become viscous and the fluidity will be greatly reduced, resulting in slow pressure transmission in the hydraulic system, stiff action after equipment startup, and difficulty in normal milling, mixing and other operations. The engine can also be affected by low temperatures, causing an increase in oil viscosity and internal friction resistance. It requires more energy to start, and if forced to start, it may exacerbate wear on components such as pistons and crankshafts; Diesel fuel is prone to wax formation at low temperatures, which can clog the fuel system and prevent the engine from receiving sufficient fuel supply, and even stall. In addition, the discharge capacity of the battery is weakened at low temperatures, and the cold start current is insufficient, which may cause the equipment to fail to ignite properly.

　　針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題，租賃方在設(shè)備交付前需做好多維度準(zhǔn)備。提前更換適合低溫環(huán)境的液壓油、機(jī)油和柴油，選擇低溫流動(dòng)性好的油品，如低凝點(diǎn)的液壓油和添加抗凝劑的柴油；為設(shè)備加裝保溫裝置，如使用保溫棉包裹發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)艙、液壓油箱等關(guān)鍵部位，減少熱量散失。同時(shí)，配備預(yù)熱設(shè)備，如電加熱板、冷卻液預(yù)熱器，在啟動(dòng)前對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行預(yù)熱，使液壓油和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)達(dá)到合適的工作溫度，降低啟動(dòng)阻力。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期在低溫環(huán)境作業(yè)的租賃設(shè)備，還需定期檢查電瓶狀態(tài)，及時(shí)充電或更換老化電瓶，確保啟動(dòng)電力充足。

　　In response to these issues, the lessee needs to make comprehensive preparations before delivering the equipment. Replace hydraulic oil, engine oil, and diesel suitable for low-temperature environments in advance, and choose oil with good low-temperature fluidity, such as hydraulic oil with low pour point and diesel with added anticoagulant; Install insulation devices for equipment, such as wrapping key parts such as the engine compartment and hydraulic oil tank with insulation cotton, to reduce heat loss. At the same time, preheating equipment such as electric heating plates and coolant preheaters are equipped to preheat the equipment before starting, so that the hydraulic oil and engine reach the appropriate working temperature and reduce starting resistance. For rental equipment that operates in low-temperature environments for a long time, it is necessary to regularly check the battery status, charge or replace aging batteries in a timely manner, and ensure sufficient starting power.

　　二、應(yīng)對(duì)凍土阻礙，制定差異化施工策略

　　2、 Develop differentiated construction strategies to address permafrost obstacles

　　在凍土區(qū)域使用租賃的冷再生機(jī)施工，需充分考慮凍土的特性。凍土根據(jù)凍結(jié)時(shí)間分為季節(jié)凍土和多年凍土，其含冰量、硬度和穩(wěn)定性差異顯著。對(duì)于淺層的季節(jié)凍土，可在施工前采用物理加熱的方式降低其硬度，如利用熱風(fēng)機(jī)、地?zé)彷椛涞确椒ㄈ诨韺觾鐾?，使冷再生機(jī)能夠順利銑刨；也可使用大功率的破碎設(shè)備對(duì)凍土進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，將其破碎成小塊后，再由冷再生機(jī)進(jìn)行拌和作業(yè)。

　　When using leased cold recycling machines for construction in frozen soil areas, it is necessary to fully consider the characteristics of frozen soil. Frozen soil is divided into seasonal frozen soil and perennial frozen soil based on freezing time, with significant differences in ice content, hardness, and stability. For shallow seasonal frozen soil, physical heating can be used to reduce its hardness before construction, such as using hot air blowers, geothermal radiation, and other methods to melt the surface frozen soil, so that the cold recycling machine can smoothly mill it; High power crushing equipment can also be used to pre treat frozen soil, breaking it into small pieces and then mixing it with a cold recycling machine.

　　面對(duì)多年凍土，施工時(shí)要避免對(duì)其天然凍結(jié)狀態(tài)造成過(guò)度破壞，防止出現(xiàn)融沉現(xiàn)象。可采用分段施工、快速作業(yè)的方式，減少設(shè)備在同一區(qū)域的停留時(shí)間，降低熱量傳遞對(duì)凍土的影響。同時(shí)，在施工區(qū)域搭建臨時(shí)保溫棚，保持棚內(nèi)低溫環(huán)境，減緩凍土融化速度。此外，根據(jù)凍土的力學(xué)特性，合理調(diào)整冷再生機(jī)的作業(yè)參數(shù)，如降低銑刨深度、減慢行進(jìn)速度，避免設(shè)備因負(fù)荷過(guò)大而損壞。

　　In the face of permafrost, excessive damage to its natural frozen state should be avoided during construction to prevent thaw settlement. Segmented construction and rapid operation can be adopted to reduce the dwell time of equipment in the same area and minimize the impact of heat transfer on frozen soil. At the same time, temporary insulation sheds should be built in the construction area to maintain a low temperature environment inside the sheds and slow down the rate of permafrost melting. In addition, based on the mechanical properties of frozen soil, adjust the operating parameters of the cold recycling machine reasonably, such as reducing the milling depth and slowing down the travel speed, to avoid equipment damage due to excessive load.

　　三、破解巖層困境，巧用技術(shù)與設(shè)備組合

　　3、 Cracking the rock formation dilemma by skillfully combining technology and equipment

　　巖層地質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬，普通的冷再生機(jī)難以直接進(jìn)行銑刨作業(yè)。此時(shí)，需根據(jù)巖層的硬度和結(jié)構(gòu)，采用多種技術(shù)手段配合施工。對(duì)于硬度較低的頁(yè)巖、砂巖等巖層，可在冷再生機(jī)上加裝液壓破碎錘，利用破碎錘的高頻沖擊力將巖層擊碎，再由冷再生機(jī)進(jìn)行后續(xù)的銑刨、拌和；也可先用鉆機(jī)在巖層上鉆出密集的小孔，削弱巖層的整體性，降低冷再生機(jī)的作業(yè)難度。

　　The geological strata are hard, and ordinary cold recycling machines are difficult to directly carry out milling operations. At this point, multiple technical methods need to be used to coordinate construction based on the hardness and structure of the rock layers. For rock formations such as shale and sandstone with low hardness, hydraulic breakers can be installed on the cold recycling machine to use the high-frequency impact force of the breakers to crush the rock formations, and then the cold recycling machine can perform subsequent milling and mixing; Alternatively, a drilling rig can be used to drill dense small holes in the rock formation, weakening the integrity of the rock formation and reducing the difficulty of the cold recycling machine's operation.

　　針對(duì)花崗巖、玄武巖等硬度較高的巖層，則需采用爆破與冷再生機(jī)協(xié)同作業(yè)的方式。先由專業(yè)的爆破團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行鉆孔爆破，將巖層破碎成合適的塊度，然后由冷再生機(jī)對(duì)爆破后的石料進(jìn)行銑刨、破碎和拌和，制成再生混合料。在整個(gè)過(guò)程中，要嚴(yán)格控制爆破的范圍和強(qiáng)度，確保冷再生機(jī)的安全；同時(shí)，根據(jù)爆破后的石料粒徑，調(diào)整冷再生機(jī)的刀具間距和轉(zhuǎn)速，保證再生效果。

　　For rock layers with high hardness such as granite and basalt, it is necessary to use a coordinated approach of blasting and cold regeneration. Firstly, a professional blasting team conducts drilling and blasting to break down the rock layers into suitable blocks. Then, a cold recycling machine mills, crushes, and mixes the blasted stone materials to produce a recycled mixture. Throughout the entire process, the scope and intensity of the blasting must be strictly controlled to ensure the safety of the cold regeneration machine; At the same time, according to the particle size of the blasted stone, adjust the tool spacing and speed of the cold recycling machine to ensure the recycling effect.

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